Henry l



HENRY L. 'CRANFORD, or BROOKLYN, NEW YORK.

Letters Patent No. 93,280, dated ldugust 3, 1869.

' IMPROVEMENT .nv coMPosI'rIoN-Pisimarmv'rs.

The Schedule referred to ln thele Letters Patent and making part of the.same.

To all'whom it may concern Be it known that I, HENRY L. CRANFORD, of Brooklyn, in the county of Kings, and State of New York, have invented and made a new and useful In provement 1n Colnposition-Pavementsyand I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear,'and exact description of the same, reference being had to the annexeddrawing, making part of this specification, wherein- Figure 1 is a plan of the said pavement, showing a portion of the roadway, and

Figure 2 is a vertical section of thesame. Similar letters denote the same parts. Pavements have heretofore been made, in which a composition of sand or ashes and gravel, or broken stones, mixed with tar or other bituminous materials, has beenapplied to the surface of cobble or other stone pavement, as may be seen in Letters Patent, No. 88,139, granted March 23, 1869.

- The present invention is an improvement upon the said invention, and relates to a mode of laying stone pavements.

Heretofore stone pavements have been laid either 'upon sand or gravel, or upon a concrete of hydraulic cement or broken stone.-

In the first instance, the blocks of stone are liable mbe disturbed from one of three causes, or from all combined:

. First, water penetrates betwcen'the stones, causing the foundation tosettle, in consequence of the pelco- 'lation of the water. a

Second-passing weights drive down some stones more than others, 'in consequence of inequalities of size in the supporting-base or under sides of the stones, and greater density in the sand or earth at one place than another.

Third, frost disturbs the pavement, and rendersthe samei'rregnlar. A a

eWith the hydlaulic-cement concrete foundation, there is no elasticity, the concussion of the horses hoofs is severe on the turimah-and the vehicles jarred and rapidly injured.

In all the stone pavements heretofore laid, it has been necessary to dress off the stones more or'less accurately, to aid in avoiding the ditiiculties before named, and to render the roadway suiiiciently smooth.

My invention is intended to remove the'diflic'ulties,

beforementioned, and produce a pavement that is superior to those before constructed, and can he laid at a comparatively small cost.

I grade the roadway to thcproper level and camber, roll the some, and spread thereon a composition-of gravel or brokei'i stone, or cinder and ashes, or sand, in about the proportionof two-thirds of the' former and one-third of the latter. renderodndhesivelor plas- .tic by sufficient tar or bituminous material. 'makesan elastic concrete that is very durable, and

This

impervious to water and frost. p

In the drawing, this is represented by the layer a.

Upon this layer a, the stones 1) b are set. These stones are to be split or hewn, or selected of the proper size and shape. They may be cubical, of the character known as Belgian blocks, but-I prefer to have said blocks slightly pyramidal, with the stones nearer to each other transversely of the. street than longitudinally, in order that wheels of vehicles may not pass in between the blocks of stone.

The blocks, when made slightly pyramidal, with the. largest end downward, may be six inches square at the base, and five inches by five and a half inches at the top, in order that the composition may be introduced into wedge-shapedopenings'; b ut the blocks maybe of any other desired measurements.

I fill in between theiblocks with the plastic composition aforesaid, as at c, and ram or roll the same, and the said composition is sufficiently thick upon the stone surface to render the pavement even and of th desired smoothness.

By using blocksof this shape, it will be seen, as at c, that a wedge-shaped mass of concrete, such as is described, is driven down between the stone, and the constant effect of the travel over the pavement is to jured by age or atmospheric influences; Fourth, the stone blocks are made to adhere to each other, and weights are taken on a large extent of surface.

-Fifth, as the surface oi the pavement wears away, the asperities of the stonewill be removed, as well as the plastic composition. For this reason the stones do not require to be dressed with great accuracy.

Sixth, the surface is such that horses cannot slip,

because the material between the stones does not wear smooth, and is always sufliciently elastic to give a foothold.

Seventh, the durability of this pavement is very grcat, and'the, cost but little, if any more than other stone pavements.

Eighth, this pavement is proniotive of health, be- .causc of the disinfecting qualities of the tar used, and also because it is impervious to moisture and filth, 'th'eJat-ter being easily swept away or washed ofi' the surface, instead of soaking into the blocks or be tween them, as is the case with the ordinary wood and stone pavements. V

What I eleim,and desire'to secure by Letters Pata i v The combined stone and composition-pavement, prepared and laid substantially as set forth.

Also, the wedge-shapetl filling of eompositi omintr w o .In witness whereo I have hereunto set my signature, this 10th day 9 July, 1869. w

v HENRY L. GRANFORD. Witnesses: v

Gmo. D. WALKER (bust H. SMITH. 

